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United Nations Day
was established by Presidential Proclamation to commemorate the
establishment of the United Nations in 1945.
It is celebrated very generally in all
states and American possessions, and by all eighty-one countries, which are
members of the United Nations for the purpose of informing the people of the
world as to the aims, purposes, and achievements of the UN. The day is
part of the United Nations Week, October 20-26. The name "United
Nations" was devised by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt and
was first used in the "Declaration by United Nations" of January 1, 1942,
during the Second World War, when representatives of 26 nations pledged
their governments to continue fighting together against the Axis Powers.
The representatives of 50 countries at the United Nations
Conference drew up the United Nations Charter on International Organization,
which met at San Francisco from April 25 to June 26, 1945. Those
delegates deliberated on the basis of proposals worked out by the
representatives of China, the Soviet Union, and United Kingdom in the United
States at Dumbarton Oaks from August to October of 1944. The representatives
of the 50 countries signed the Charter on June 26, 1945. Poland, which
was not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became one the
original 51 Member States. The United Nations officially came
into existence on October 24, 1945, when the Charter had been ratified by
China, France, The Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, United States and by a
majority of other signatories. United Nations Day is celebrated on
October 24 each year. On April 25, 1945, delegates from fifty
countries drove through the rain to meet for the United Nations Conference
on international Organization at the Flag-bedecked War Memorial Opera House
in San Francisco. Although the delegates came from nations, "small, weak,
and strong, and in different stages of political and social development,"
these earnest individuals were "determined to set up an organization which
would preserve peace, advance justice, and constitute a permanent structure
for international cooperation." For nine weeks (from
April 26 to June 26) the conference worked on the Charter. Its
preamble is considered by many to be one of the finest expressions of
purpose ever set forth in any language. By October 24, 1945, the
majority of the signatory nations had ratified the charter, and had sent
formal notes to the State Department in Washington, D.C. These signers
included China, France, the U.S.S.R., the United Kingdom, the United States,
and many others. Therefore, on October 24, 1945, with flags of fifty
nations flying together, the United Nations came into being. In
order to stress the charter's importance, in 1947 the General Assembly of
the U.N. passed a resolution: that October 24 shall hereafter be
officially called United Nations Day, and shall be devoted to making
known to the people of the world the aims and achievements of the
United Nations, and to gaining their support for the work of the
United Nations.
It was apparent, and also quite important, that the general
public should be informed about the content and purposes of the United
Nations; therefore an entire week-United Nations Week-was set aside in
October, with its chief observance on United Nations Day, October 24.
By 1956, the American committee for the United Nations promoted the
celebration of United Nations week. The official American Association
for the United Nations sent out information and suggestions for programs
with this advice: This is United Nations Week.
The success of the United Nations in building world peace depends on
all of us-on our won understanding and support; know how it works, and
what it is doing. Help the United Nations help all of us to a peaceful
future.
In some
towns there is a public rally, perhaps at the City Hall, with the Stars and
Stripes displayed with the flag of the United Nations. Speakers
stress the accomplishments of the organization. Some shop windows
feature products and dress of other lands. A town may put on an
"International Festival" with songs and dances. During the week there
are forums and panel discussions. An enjoy blending for United Nations
Day is a banquet with foreign dishes. An
important part of the week's observance is the setting up of information
centers, where literature on the work of the United Nations may be obtained.
For example: In 1945 the cost per American for World War II was the sum of
$633.57, while the cost to each American for maintaining the United Nations
per year is about 67 cents. In 1960, the U.N. had been in
existence for fifteen years, one newspaper stated:
While the great debate at U.N.
headquarters in New York makes the headlines, workers of the various
agencies like UNICEF (International Children's Emergency Fund), UNESCO
(U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) and WHO
(World Health Organization) continue their efforts to aid backward and
underprivileged areas unheralded. Famine, disease, malnutrition, and
subsistence living standards have already been markedly improved by
teams of workers from the U.N.. They render not only direct assistance, but
train teams of natives to teach their own people. |